Perhaps you eat because you’re bored or have to fill unstructured time, such as evenings and weekends, or because you experience family, business, money, or peer-group pressure: ("Come on. We’re all going for pizza and we want you to come.") You don’t want to be left out. You might use food to avoid intimacy or sex. Perhaps you use food to avoid nurturing or being nurtured. You are procrastinating: ("I’ll have lunch first and then work on that report.")

You might eat during food preparation and put-away. Perhaps because once you start you can’t stop. You might think, what the hell, I blew it anyway. Maybe food is used as a reward because you did something wonderful, or a punishment because you already overate and figure What the hell, it won’t make a difference. When you smell the coffee in your office or the popcorn in a movie, or fresh donuts in a bakery, do you queue up? Do you use food as a meal extender? You’re having such a nice time and don’t want the evening to end so you order another cup of coffee, a cocktail, a dessert. You’re entertaining guests. There is an abundance of extra food and all those leftovers.

Going home to family is tricky for some. You may feel guilty that your family and friends have been cooking since last Thursday, and you have to taste (and comment on) everything that is offered. Does the cook get offended if you don’t have seconds and thirds?

We eat differently when we are in the company of two people, three people, four people, more people. A recent study said that people who eat with six or more other people consume a whopping 78% more than they would if they ate alone. The more people there are, the more food is offered.

The longer food remains on the table, the longer you’re tempted to eat.

Are you too tired to cook so you pick pick pick and convince yourself you didn’t eat anything?

A point to remember:
If it’s not water, it’s food.

And this, too:
If you swallowed it, you ate it. It all adds up.

Whether you overeat because of genetics, ethnicity, religion, circumstance, or emotion doesn’t matter. Perhaps you eat for some of these reasons or all of these reasons. Each person gets into the habit of using food inappropriately by eating for reasons you tell yourself it’s okay to eat, even if you’re not hungry. Having followed these habits for such a long time – sometimes decades – they’ve become involuntary conditioned responses. Just as Pavlov’s dogs, when a stimulus appears, can a yes, thank you, be far behind? The intelligent you, thinks you shouldn’t be doing what you’re doing, but you can’t stop. That’s the sneaky part of the addiction – as if making up your mind will do the trick when it never has before. This might be the moment to make a list of the reasons you eat. Put down the breadstick and get a pencil.

After seeing my list, a middle-aged woman said to me, "According to your program, I haven’t been hungry since 1963." She was correct. She and you may have misidentified these situations, circumstances, and emotions as hunger for such a long time, you’ve lost your innate ability to identify this most basic of feelings.

If you’re trying to satisfy a physical hunger, your body doesn’t require a great deal of food. If you’re trying to fill an emotional hunger, you could back up a truck full of food to your home or office, and it would never, ever, contain enough food. "Okay guys, put the Mallomars in the cabinet, the Häagen-Dazs in the freezer. The Twinkerdoodles go on the bed."

If you become so overwhelmed, confused and paralyzed with not knowing what to do about this multi-faceted, many-layered topic of weight control that you can’t stop eating once you start, chances are you do nothing.

If hungry, you need to nourish the body. If, along the way, it also tastes good, looks good, and smells good, you’ve got a bonus. But you shouldn’t be eating because it looks, smells, and tastes good. Almost everything fits that criteria.

If you’re thirsty, drink water.

If you’re responding to one of the above stimuli, change habits by creating new and constructive responses to replace your old and destructive ones. This is called repatterning.

I might have missed one of your Possible Pitfalls, but you get the idea. Add yours if it’s not here. Observe how you eat when you’re up or down, alone or with friends. We even eat differently with men, differently with women, and another way with children. These pitfalls might be because of emotions, circumstances, or just because it’s there or you’re there, in the neighborhood where your favorite something is prepared as nowhere else in the world! Pitfalls can be any of these things or all of these things.

None of the Pitfalls I’ve described above are hunger. And if it’s not hunger, it’s not a reason to eat.